What does a ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) do?

A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is specifically designed to enhance electrical safety by shutting off power in the event of a ground-fault. A ground-fault occurs when there is an unintended path between the source of current and a grounded surface. This can happen, for instance, if a person comes into contact with water and an electrical device simultaneously. By detecting differences in the amount of electrical current flowing through the live and neutral wires, a GFCI can sense imbalances and quickly disconnect the power supply, reducing the risk of electric shock or electrocution.

This function underscores the importance of GFCIs, particularly in environments like healthcare, where moisture and the presence of sensitive electrical equipment necessitate heightened safety measures. The other options do not accurately describe the role of a GFCI, as it does not increase electrical current, regulate voltage levels, or prevent overheating. Instead, its primary function is to provide immediate disconnection to prevent harm due to electrical faults.